When it comes to caring for your kidneys, what you eat matters. The latest guidelines from the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) group emphasize that a healthy diet can help slow the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and improve overall well-being.
Let’s break it down into simple tips you can follow:
Go Plant-Based
Why? Plant-based diets—like the DASH or Mediterranean diet—are rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and beans. These foods help reduce inflammation, improve blood pressure, and support your gut health.
How? Swap some animal-based foods for plant-based options. For example, try lentils or tofu instead of meat a few times a week. If you eat animal products, aim for moderation.
Limit Processed Foods
Why? Ultra-processed foods like chips, candy, frozen meals, and sugary drinks are loaded with salt, sugar, and unhealthy fats. They can worsen kidney function and promote inflammation.
How? Choose fresh, whole foods whenever possible. Cook meals at home using natural ingredients to control what goes into your food.
Watch Your Protein Intake
Why? Too much protein puts extra stress on your kidneys. For adults with CKD, the recommended protein intake depends on the presence of proteinuria (protein in the urine).
Those without proteinuria should aim for about 1 gram of protein per kilogram of body weight daily, while those with proteinuria should limit intake to around 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight daily.
For example, if you weigh 150 pounds (about 68 kg), this translates to about 55 grams per day for individuals with proteinuria and up to 68 grams per day for those without.
How? Balance your plate with moderate portions of protein-rich foods like beans, chicken, fish, or eggs. If you have proteinuria, focus on lower-protein options and consult your healthcare provider for personalized guidance. Avoid high-protein diets unless recommended by your healthcare team.
Manage Your Sodium, Potassium, and Phosphorus
Why? These nutrients are important for kidney health, but too much or too little can be harmful:
Potassium: At advanced CKD stages, you may need to limit high potassium foods such as avocados, sweet potatoes, spinach, beans, tomatoes, bananas, melons; however, for those without high serum potassium levels, potassium-rich foods are considered very healthy and may even help achieve better blood pressure control to a certain extent. Low-potassium alternatives include apples, berries, carrots, and green beans. Talk to your doctor to ask what is the recommended potassium intake for you, or if you need to avoid certain foods.
Phosphorus: Excess phosphorus can weaken bones and strain your kidneys. Phosphorus-rich foods include dairy products, processed meats, nuts, and cola drinks. However, not everyone with CKD needs to limit phosphorus intake; this should be individualized based on lab results. Those who must limit phosphorus intake may try instead, fresh fruits and vegetables, rice milk, or unprocessed meats as alternatives.
How? Read food labels, avoid processed foods, and discuss your levels with your doctor or dietitian.
Monitor Calcium and Vitamin D Intake
Why? CKD can disrupt the balance of calcium and phosphorus in your body, increasing the risk of bone problems. Proper calcium and vitamin D intake can support bone health and overall well-being.
How? Include calcium-rich, kidney-friendly foods like leafy greens, fortified non-dairy milks, or certain low-phosphorus cheeses. Avoid excessive use of phosphate additives, which are common in processed foods. Work with your doctor to decide if supplements such as calcium or vitamin D are necessary based on your lab results.
Drink the Right Amount of Water
Why? Staying hydrated supports kidney function, but overhydration can be harmful for people with CKD, especially in advanced stages.
How? For most people with CKD, drinking 2-2.5 liters (67 oz- 84 oz) per day is a good starting point. Your doctor can adjust this based on your needs and lab results. Avoid sugary drinks or high-caffeine beverages.
Work with a Renal Dietitian
Why? Everyone’s dietary needs are different. A nutritionist can help tailor your diet to manage important nutrients like sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and protein based on your CKD stage and overall health. This is particularly more important at advanced CKD stages.
How? Ask your doctor for a referral to a renal dietitian or look for a qualified nutrition expert.
Stay Consistent
Why? Healthy eating habits can improve your quality of life.
How? Make small, sustainable changes over time. Don’t hesitate to reach out to your healthcare team for guidance and support.
Take the First Step Today! Talk to your healthcare provider about creating a personalized plan to nourish your body and protect your kidneys. By focusing on plant-based foods, avoiding processed foods, drinking the right amount of water, and managing your protein intake, you can give your kidneys the support they need to keep you feeling your best. Call (610) 510-7152 or schedule an appointment online and let us discuss your health concerns.
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